Composition Each 5 ml syrup Contains- Cichorium intybus (Root) 400 mg Cichorium intybus (Seed) 200 mg Rosa damascena 200 mg Nymphaea lotus 100 mg Borago officinalis 100 mg Cuscuta reflexa 150 mg Rheum emodi 125 mg Ref: Bangladesh National Formulary of Unani MedicineDescription Hetro Syrup is an effective herbal preparation containing Cichorium intybus, Borago officinialis, Cuscuta reflexa and other natural ingredients. It helps to promotes bile flow, clears the obstructions of liver, gallbladder and billiary passage. Hetro is very effective in jaundice, hepatitis and constipation. Cichorium intybus The folkloric use of C. intybus as a hepatoprotectant has been well documented. The aqueous-methanolic extract of the seeds of C. intybus has been investigated for the hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. It was found to decrease both the death rate and the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, glutamyl oxaloacetate transaminase, and glutamyl pyruvate transaminase. In analogous studies, the antihepatotoxic activity of the alcoholic extract of the seeds and aqueous extracts of the roots and root callus of C. intybus was estimated. The oral administration of these extracts in albino rats led to a marked decrease in the levels of hepatic enzymes. Also, histopathological examination of the liver showed no fat accumulation or necrosis after the treatment . Similar studies have established the hepatoprotective effect of esculetin, a phenolic compound, and cichotyboside, a guaianolide sesquiterpene glycoside reported from C. intybus. The carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol-induced liver toxicities were also found to be counteracted by intraperitoneal administration of crude extracts and fractions of C. intybus. The methanol- and water-soluble fractions exhibited marked reductions in serum glutamyl pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamyl oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels. In the same study, toxicity was induced in rat hepatocytes by incubation with galactosamine and thioacetamide. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/579319/ Rosa damascena Similar to traditional medicine gavage of boiled extract of R. damascena in rats showed significant laxative effects (increasing feces water content and the frequency of defecation). Because intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of extract showed symptoms of constipation (no feces in 24 hr), it seems the laxative effects is partly due to osmotic infiltration of fluids into intestinal lumen (87) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586833/ Borago officinalis Borage contains mucous substances, tannins, saponins, resins, essential oil, potassium, calcium, vitamin C and other substances. The oil from the seeds is rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid. Amount of GLA in the oil ranges from 20 to 27 percent. The oil also contains about 10 percent alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid. The borage oil may help regulate the hormonal system, lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels, strengthen the immune system, prevent allergies, premenstrual problems and prostate disorders. The herb has been used traditionally as an herbal remedy to treat urinary tract infections, cystitis, chronic kidney inflammation, catarrh, pneumonia, tuberculosis, gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome and depression. https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/borage-herb.html Cuscuta reflexa Cuscuta is easily identifiable green-yellow coloured, leafless, parasitic twining stem which tangles on the host plant with it countless branches and draws its nutrition. It has no chlorophyll and cannot make its own food by photosynthesis. Once attached, the plants lives its entire life on host plant without any attachment to the soil. In traditional medicinal system, whole plant of cuscuta is used for treatment of various diseases. Cuscuta plant is used for treating constipation, liver, spleen diseases, diarrhoea, inflammation etc. Cuscuta is alterative, purgative, carminative and anthelmintic. The plant also has Anti-fertility effect.Indication Jaundice, Hepatitis, Ascites, Pleurisy, ConstipationDosage & Administration Adult: 2 tea spoonful, Children : 1 teaspoonful daily 2-3 times or as prescribed by the physician.Side Effects No significant side effect has been observed in proper dosage.Contraindication There is no known contraindicationUse in Pregnancy The safety of Hetro syrup in pregnancy has not been studied. Therefore it should be used with caution during pregnancy.Drug Interaction No clinically significant drug interactions have been reportedStorage Keep out of reach of children. Keep away from direct sunlight. Store in a cool and dry place.Presentation 100/200/450 ml syrup in PET Bottle.